TUBERCULOSIS

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. When people with lung TB cough, sneeze or spit, they propel bactera into the air. A person needs to inhale only a few of these germs to become infected. Learn how TB spreads through the air.

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MRSA

MRSA is a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to several antibiotics. MRSA most often causes skin infections and can cause pneumonia. Numerous studies have established airborne transmission of MRSA. Learn how MRSA spreads through the air. 

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CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE

Clostridium difficile (C. diff) is a bacterium that causes inflammation of the colon, known as colitis. Infections can be fatal and cause a significant burden on healthcare facilities. Patients who contract CDI spend on average an additional 2-3 weeks in hospital. Learn how C. diff spreads through the air. 

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Pollen

Pollen is a fine yellowish dust that spreads from plants. It can cause sneezing, eye irritation, wheezing, coughing and aggravate asthma symptoms.

Mould Spores

Mould can grow anywhere there is moisture. As mould spores become airborne, they can cause allergic reactions similar to pollen and aggravate asthma symptoms. Nosocomial outbreaks of aspergillosis have become a well recognized complication of construction, demolition or renovation activities in or near hospital wards. Aspergillus spores are superbly adapted to airborne dissemination.  

Dust

Dust mites are microscopic organisms that trigger asthma and flares of eczema. The process of cleaning can stir up dust particles, making them easier to inhale which worsens symptoms. 

NOROVIRUS

Norovirus is the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramping. An outbreak is a major threat to the smooth running and capacity of schools, hospitals, and offices every winter. Learn how Norovirus spreads through the air.

INFLUENZA

The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by viruses that infect the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. Breathing, talking, coughing, and sneezing release influenza viruses into the air, with sizes ranging from submicron particles to large droplets. These submicron particles can remain suspended in the air for long periods of time with the potential to infect those coming in contact with them. Learn how Influenza spreads through the air. 

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MEASLES

Measles is a highly contagious virus that starts with fever, runny nose, cough, red eyes, and sore throat. It’s followed by a rash that spreads over the body. Learn how Measles spreads through the air.

Volatile Organic Compounds

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which have short- and long-term adverse health effects. Concentrations of many VOCs are consistently up to ten times higher indoors than outdoors. Learn more about VOCs.

Common sources of VOCs include: 

• paints, paint strippers and other solvents
• wood preservatives
• aerosol sprays
• cleansers and disinfectants
• moth repellents and air fresheners
• stored fuels and automotive products
• hobby supplies
• dry-cleaned clothing
• pesticide
• building materials and furnishings